04:13
Sawyer M.D.
Homocysteine is a metabolite of methionine that may be remethlated by enzymes requiring folate cobalamin vitamin B12 to again from methionine or catabolized by the pyridoxine vitamin B6 dependent enzyme, cystathionine synthase CBS to form cysteine.
The biological plausibility that elevated homocysteine might lead vascular diseases.
Epidemiological studies using cross-sectional case-control and cohort designs have examined the association between homocysteine and cerebrovascular disease. The results of cross-sectional studies of homocysteine and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis using carotid duplex doppler sonography have been mixed.
Genetic and Environmental Causes The multiple etiologies of hyperhomocysteinemia which are only just beginning to be studied add to difficulty in using epidemiological investigations to evaluate a causal association. Levels are dependent on age, gender and menopausal status. Homocysteine lecels are also directly influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
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Homocysteine is an amino acid with the formula HSCH2CH2CH(NH2)CO2H. It is a homologue of the amino acid cysteine, differing by an additional methylene (-CH2-) group. It is biosynthesized from methionine by the removal of its terminal Cε methyl group. Homocysteine can be recycled into methionine or converted into cysteine with the aid of B-vitamins.
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